The other night in a late night flurry of tweet post and responses I came across this blog post (by the fabulous and often tipsy blogger ModernSauce). Hot off the presses came an alcohol induced blog about Brutalist architecture and her strong affinity for the style. We sparked up a conversation discussing the other brutal buildings, alcohol laden field trips to Boston (which has a great collection of brutalist buildings) when I told them that I had met one of the most famous of American brutalist architects, Paul Rudolph, promising to write down my recollections of that meeting, so here I go.
In 1995, just before I dropped out of Auburn University (well let’s call it a “student sabbatical” because I did go back to finish) I was the president of the AIAS and I was responsible for arranging events that kept the young architectural mind fed. We had a lot of fun arranging movie nights, dog days (our weekly grill out in the courtyard) and even the Beaux Arts Ball. But just by chance I was able to arrange a low key event with the most famous Auburn architectural graduate Paul Rudolph. Paul graduated from what then was known as Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1940 and later went on to Harvard, but that isn’t the story I want to tell. Growing up on the Gulf coast of Florida (and knowing I would one day be an architect) I was very aware of the Sarasota School of Architecture. This was a movement that comprised of a partnership between Ralph Twitchell and Paul Rudolph, a partnership that would create its own brand of “Florida Modern” open and airy architecture that to me just screamed “Florida”. So my affinity for Paul and the group of architects in Florida was just a natural connection. Paul Rudolph lore at Auburn was a haze of speculation and fact, I know what I was told, I just don’t know if any of it is true. What we did know is he had designed several small projects locally around campus, and one of those was the Applebee House, a rectangular shaped elevated box with a simple cantilever volume that creates (what is now) used as a car port. I lived in the neighborhood where the Applebee house was built and jogged past it every day so I felt I knew it well. What was more speculation, we heard was that he was feuding with the university because of rejection. The school of architecture was designing a new building. As the story goes, he offered his services to the university free of charge to design the new school building. What he had proposed was a glass box, a black glass box in fact; one that looked as if it were shrouded in mystery by day and when the light came on at night would reveal the scurry of scholarly pursuit. The glass box offered the outsider a look into what is means to become an architect – as if it offered a peak into the belly of the beast. So the story goes he presented this idea to the university and they rejected it, they felt as if it wasn’t in keeping with the nature of a southern university building. Makes for a great story and great legacy to the myth of a graduate that I feel many have forgotten.
So, flash forward to 1995 when a bright eyed architecture student was looking at the upcoming lectures that the university was sponsoring, which were to be held at the conference center. There was Paul Rudolph coming back to Auburn, I wondered why he wasn’t speaking to the School of Architecture? This was where I heard again the story of his feud with the university and I suppose now with the school of architecture. Why speak at a reminder of this feud? Why speak at what seemingly to him, was a far inferior building to one that he would have created for him. So, I hopped on the phone to the event organizers to ask about the likelihood that he would speak to the school; they said it was an event that was publicized statewide and would be difficult to move. OK, I suppose that I will have to just go to the event see if I can ask a question or two to the creator of some of my favorite Florida modernism. I didn’t want to accept defeat though, so I asked the event coordinator if Paul would be up for a small sit down gathering with the AIAS off campus? I suggested we could have a small intimate gathering for about 20 architecture students at the local coffee shop Bodega. He graciously said yes, but only to a small gathering of students for an hour to have a Q&A with our famous alum.
The day of the lecture and our small event I was told to go by the hotel to pick Paul up an hour or so early so that he can get a bite to eat before his busy day. We set off to pick him up, the AIAS vice president and myself. We couldn’t have been more opposite. Here he was in a suit and tie, looking all spit and polished. And then me, a pair of frayed khakis, an un-tucked flannel shirt (over my customary t-shirt) and to top it off a pair of beat up Teva’s. As I rapped on the door to announce our arrival I glanced quickly at the motley crew here to escort a famous architect, as the door opened he stood an older man, frail but not weak. He took one look at us and without a chance for introduction he quickly pointed at my suit and tie clad friend and barked “You go the fuck away” and pointed at me “You let’s go”. A bit taken aback by my first encounter with our famous alumni, but ok. What happened next was totally unexpected, I (an unassuming 3rd year student) was ushered away on tour of Auburn I’d never forget. The hotel was across the street from Hargis Hall (the start of my tour), and where he took his architecture classes in the late 30’s, now used as offices for the administration. He walked us around the older part of campus near Samford Hall and reminisced about the time in school, what the campus looked like during his time at school, and what stood in the place where the new library now stands. I remember that when we walked up to the library he mumbled “what the hell were they thinking?” and I thought that he sounded just like me when I complain about bad architecture. Or is it just something inherent in the type of person that becomes an architect that it is in our nature to be critical of the built environment? Probably.
We continued our walk over to the project he did which as I said earlier was the Applebee house, it is set in off the road like many of the traditional houses that made up wonderful tree lined street, but unlike the others there was no doubt which one was Paul’s design:
As he stood there refusing to go up to the door (and I tell you I kept prodding him to go up there). He simply told me that “It’s their house” it was interesting to hear his perspective on one of his early projects. I asked him if he would do anything different. He said that if he were doing that new today it would be completely different, but he said since he was inexperience and had no real idea what he was doing he feels it turned out pretty good, and has held up over time. What I was interested in seeing was what his impressions were of the house after 40 years, but we never even stepped foot on the property. He never expanded on why he didn’t want to go up to the door and any thoughts of mine would be purely speculation, I am always excited to see my built work, see how it has stood up, what I would do differently and also how it has aged. But this was his project and his moment and I knew not to push it.
As we walked through the neighborhood on our way to the coffee house he cut off my constant barrage of questions and asked some of his own. He began to inquire about what I was learning in school, what type of classes today’s architecture the program teaches. As I explained to him what we are learning he started to described how his classes where (from what I could gather) more of an apprentice style school, it was one that taught them the profession of architecture. The way he switched from asking me questions about school to reminiscing about his school time felt to me that he was disapproving of the course in which architecture school was taking, and I can’t blame him.
Recalling back those many years ago (wow was it really 16 years ago?) I couldn’t help but reflect in the fact that in just two short years Paul Rudolph would have passed away from his long battle with cancer. And how he must have been in pain on our walk, and that a young kid badgering him questions was probably even more pain. But from that I learned of a very proud man that didn’t let the pain of his illness overshadow the love he had for architecture. I was thankful that this man took just 90 minutes of his hectic and painful life to walk with me through his memories and share just a few of them with me. Just simple conversations during that walk showed me that no matter how “famous” or how much of a “starchitect” that when it comes to the profession we all love that there is still a kid inside all of us, we still feel that giddiness when we start and finish projects, when we realize that dream of the sketch as it takes shape to the bricks and mortar.
As a side note: I am not a big fan of most brutalism buildings, they heavy handed attack on the landscape and city scape are too much, their constant shifting of geometric forms are to me amateurish, but there are a few that even with the massive hulkiness of the concrete still manage to have a delicate touch. But those are few and far between. In the case of Paul Rudolph he is no different when it comes to the brutalist form. And to me I feel he may have been one of the most brutal. BUT, looking back on his career from his early work in Auburn and Florida you can see a modernist that understood the landscape of his clients and gave them a unique solution to a unique climate. This is something rare in modernism today, in that you look at a contemporary solution and it feels as if you could pick it up and place it almost anywhere. Not the early work Paul’s and his contemporaries (the Neutra’s of the world) that understood the site, and knew that the solution was to be found in working in harmony with the site not against it. In travelling around the Gulf coast area where I was raised and Paul practiced you can see that sensitivity of site responsive architecture in his works like the Revere Quality House, the Cocoon House and the Umbrella House (and many more). And what has always enamored me most about Paul is that fact that he had one of the most amazing and unique drawing style, it was both expressive and detailed and had a modern flair to it that was very different from the exquisite Beaux Arts style but was as equal in its artistic charm.
Visit the Paul Rudolph Foundation site to learn more about the architect and his works: http://paulrudolph.blogspot.com/